Moral dilemmas are often central themes in classical works of literature across different cultures. They challenge characters to make decisions that weigh their personal desires against societal values, often leading to profound consequences. In Greek tragedies such as Sophocles' "Antigone," the protagonist faces a choice between familial duty and obedience to the state. Antigone's defiance of King Creon’s law, which forbids the burial of her brother, explores the conflict between divine law and human law. This struggle represents a timeless moral conflict—whether to adhere to one’s principles or submit to authority for the greater good.

In Eastern literature, the moral dilemmas are often deeply tied to philosophical teachings. The ancient Indian epic "Mahabharata" presents a similar conundrum through the character of Arjuna. Faced with the prospect of fighting his own family members in the Kurukshetra War, Arjuna experiences a crisis of conscience, questioning the morality of war, duty, and loyalty. Krishna’s guidance helps him navigate this inner turmoil, shedding light on the moral and philosophical complexity of dharma (righteous duty), where the right action is often not clear-cut.

Chinese classical literature, especially works like the "Analects" of Confucius, deals with moral decisions in a more interpersonal context. Confucius speaks of the importance of virtue, respect, and the proper conduct in relationships. In these works, the moral dilemma often arises when individuals are caught between their own desires and the expectations placed upon them by society and their family. The challenge lies in balancing self-interest with the collective good and understanding one’s duty in a larger societal context.

In Japanese culture, works such as "The Tale of Genji" delve into the moral complexities of love, loyalty, and personal ambition. The protagonist, Genji, is torn between his romantic desires and his responsibilities as a member of the imperial court. His life, marked by both triumphs and regrets, reflects the internal conflict between pursuing personal happiness and maintaining social harmony.

These classical works from various cultures illustrate that moral dilemmas are universal, transcending time, geography, and belief systems. They remind us that moral decision-making is rarely simple, and that the struggle between personal desires and societal obligations is an enduring aspect of the human condition. Each culture offers its own unique perspective on how to approach these dilemmas, but the underlying themes of duty, sacrifice, and the search for truth remain constant.